《装卸时间与滞期费》第3章-装卸时间的起算-61

2019-05-10430
  CHAPTER 3 第3章

  Commencement of laytime

  装卸时间的起算

  3.409 The legal reasons are perhaps more complex. The phrase WIBON usually appears in a clause dealing solely with the commencement of laytime. Although in his speech in The Kyzikos Lord Brandon referred to the availability of the berth in the present tense, there is no reason to suppose that by so doing he was intending to imply into it an ongoing meaning extending its effect from purely the commencement of laytime to the running of laytime and even demurrage. It may be that the authors of this definition were influenced by the meaning of the phrase ‘‘Time lost waiting for berth’’, which also relates to the availability of the berth in question. However, that phrase usually appears in a separate clause, or at least a separate sentence, to that dealing with the commencement of laytime and, by its reference to ‘‘time lost’’, the words themselves imply an ongoing situation.

  3.409法律方面的理由也许更复杂。通常WIBON这一短语都出现在仅与装卸时间的起算有关的条款中。尽管Brandon勋爵在The Kyzikos—案中的讲话提到泊位的可用性时用的是现在时态,没有理由可以设想到他这样做的意图是,打算暗指它持续性的含义不单纯适用于装卸时间的起算,还扩展适用于装卸时间的计算过程中,甚至于进入滞期后。这一定义的起草人或许是受了‘等泊损失的时间’这一短语含义的影响,它指的也是泊位的可用性问题。不过,后者通常以单独的一个条款出现,或者至少是以单独的一个句子的形式依附于有关装卸时间起算的条款,而且,由于它指的是‘损失的时间’这些词语本身就暗指不断进行的过程。

  3.410 Furthermore, there is a general principle that once laytime or time on demurrage commences, time runs continuously in the absence of a specific exception or interruption within the meaning of that term used in Chapter 4. It therefore follows, it is suggested, that at common law, the meaning of WIBON is confined to the commencement of laytime and thereafter time runs continuously until cargo operations are complete whether the berth becomes subsequently accessible or not, unless of course some other clause comes into play.

  3.410此外,还有一个基本原则就是,在缺少第4章中所使用的明确除外条款或时间中断条款含义的情况下,一旦起算了装卸时间或进入了滞期,这一装卸时间或滞期时间就应持续计算下去。因此,这建议,在普通法下,当然,除非其它一些条款起作用,否则,WIBON这一短语的含义仅限于起算装卸时间,以及此后时间一直计算下去,直到货物作业完成之时为止,而不论随后该泊位是否可以靠泊。
  


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