《装卸时间与滞期费》第3章-装卸时间的起算-连载60

2019-05-08438
  《装卸时间与滞期费》第6版

  CHAPTER 3 第3章

  Commencement of laytime 装卸时间的起算

  3.405 As will be apparent, there are a number of differences between the first two definitions and between them and the meaning given to the phrase by judicial precedent. The Voylayrules definition refers to notice being given ‘‘on reaching any usual waiting-place at or off the port’’. This apparently is intended to allow notice to be given outside the port limits if that is where the usual waiting place is. It is clear, however, from the cases cited at paras 3.104 et seq. above that that is not the position at common law and the phrase only accelerates the commencement of laytime after arrival within the port limits. The second and probably most important change is that the Voylayrules definition refers to the berth being available whereas the previous one referred to it being accessible. This is clearly intended to reflect the House of Lords decision in The Kyzikos.

  3.405显然,这前两种定义之间,还有这些短语含义与司法判例所赋予的意思之间存在着许多区别。在Voylayrules1993中的定义是指通知书可以在‘船舶抵达港口或港外任一通常等候的地点’时递交。它的意图显然是允许通知书在港口范围之外递交,如果那里是通常等候地点的话,不过,从上文第3.104段所引证的案例可以看出,它明显不是普通法所指的位置,这一短语仅仅能够使抵达港界范围内的船舶的装卸时间提前起算而已。第二点或许是最主要的改变就是,Voylayrules1993定义中指的是空闲可用的泊位,而前一个规则所指的却是可以自由进入靠泊的泊位。其用意,显然反映在上议院对The Kyzikos—案的判决中。

  3.406 There is, however, a third and more controversial change, which is the suggestion in the last sentence of the Voylayrules definition that laytime or time on demurrage ceases once the berth becomes available, even though it may not have become accessible.

  3.406然而,第三点也是最具争议的改变就是Voylayrules1993定义中的最后一句表明,装卸时间或滞期时间一直计算到有了泊位空出时为止,即使它还不能自由进入靠泊。

  3.407 It is suggested that, whilst this obviously must apply if the Voylayrules are specifically incorporated, it should not apply where they are not, for sound legal and commercial reasons.

  3.407这建议,出于合理的法律和商业理由,当Voylayrules1993规则被特意并入到租船合同时,这一条显然必须适用,而当规则没有并入时,那就不该适用。

  3.408 To take the commercial reasons first: an owner would ask for the clause in a berth charter to protect himself from delay due to congestion. It is therefore somewhat unfair to say to him that when his vessel arrives, time counts in his favour but ceases to count when the berth becomes free, although by then, for other reasons, his vessel is unable to reach it. The situation is somewhat analogous to the discussion as to whether a laytime strike clause should protect the charterer after the vessel has gone on demurrage.

  3.408首先讨论商业方面的理由:在泊位租船合同下,船东为了保护自己免受由于港口拥挤造成的延迟而要求订立一条款。因此,如果当他的船舶抵达时,装卸时间可按他的意图计算,但当有泊位空闲时,却应停止计算,尽管此时由于其他原因而使得他的船舶无法靠泊,这种做法多少对他有点不公平。这种情形与船舶进入滞期后装卸时间罢工条款可否保护承租人的争议多少有点儿类似。
  


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