2019-04-19
455 《装卸时间与滞期费》第6版
CHAPTER 3 第3章
Commencement of laytime 装卸时间的起算
Whether in berth or not (WIBON) 无论靠泊与否
3.387 This is perhaps the most common of the special clauses which have the effect of advancing the commencement of laytime from when it would otherwise start. In the case of a charter that names a berth as the specified destination or expressly gives the charterer the right to select the berth, this expression means that, if a berth is not available, laytime starts to run once any notice period has elapsed after the vessel arrives at ‘‘a position within the port where she is at the immediate and effective disposition of the charterer’’. As the cases which follow show, the point of arrival must be inside and not outside the port limits. It is thus not necessary for the vessel to have reached her designated berth before laytime can commence, provided the berth is not available. As will become clear, the word ‘‘available’’ does not equate with accessible.
3.387 这或许是特别条款中最常见的一种，它的作用是提前装卸时间的起算。如果租船合同中将某一泊位规定为指定的目的地或者明文给予承租人选择泊位的权利，这一表达方式就意味着，在一泊位无法使用的情况下，只要船舶抵达了‘港内一个承租人能够立即马上而有效地支配的位置’后，待通知期限一过，装卸时间即可起算。随后的案例表明，船舶抵达的这一位置必须在港口范围内，而不能在其范围之外。因此，如果指定泊位无法使用的话，就没有必要等到船舶靠上了该泊位才起算装卸时间。
3.388 Although also frequently included in port charters, it there has little effect. The definitive decision on the meaning of the phrase is that of the House of Lords in The Kyzikos, but before considering that case it may be convenient to consider the earlier cases in which it has been considered. The earliest judicial consideration of the phrase appears to be Northfield Steamship Co Ltd v. Compagnie L’Union des Gaz, a decision of the Court of Appeal. That case concerned a berth charter which also contained a clause which read: ‘‘Time to commence when steamer is ready to unload and written notice given, whether in berth or not’’. Of this, Farwell LJ said:
Want of space to berth is of very frequent occurrence, and the parties appear to me to have expressly provided for it, and this disposes also of the contention that the ship was not ready to unload. She was ready so far as she was concerned, and the fact that she was not in a berth is rendered immaterial by this clause.
3.388尽管这一条款经常被引入港口租船合同中，但其作用并不大。对于这一短语含义的权威行的判决是上议院审理的The Kyzikos案。不过在谈这个案例之前，我们不妨先看一下早期审判的案例。对于这一短语最早的司法解释可见于上诉法院对Northfield Steamship Co Ltd v. Compagnie L’Union des Gaz案的判决。该案所涉及的是一个泊位租船合同，其中就包括了这一条款‘不论靠泊与否，装卸时间从该轮已做好卸货准备并已递交了书面通知书时起算。’对于这条规定，Farwell大法官说：
缺少泊位靠泊是常见的事，在我看来，双方当事人对此都有明确的要求，而且这也解决了船舶未做好卸货准备的争论。就她本身而论，她已做好准备，而根据本条款，她并未靠泊这一事实就不是那么重要了。
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海运圈聚焦专栏作者 魏长庚船长（微信号CaptWei）
