《装卸时间与滞期费》第3章-装卸时间的起算-连载46

　　CHAPTER 3 第3章

　　Commencement of laytime 装卸时间的起算

　　Readiness under GAFTA f.o.b. contracts

　　在GAFTA f.o.b.合同下的准备就绪通知书

　　3.357 The Voylayrules 1993 provide:

　　‘‘UNLESS SOONER COMMENCED’’ shall mean that if laytime has not commenced but loading or discharging is carried out, time used shall count against laytime.

　　It would be usual to expect this phrase to be added to the provision providing for the commencement or recommencement of laytime. It will therefore act to foreshorten any period of notice which must elapse after presentation of notice of readiness.

　　3.357《1993年航次租船合同装卸时间解释规则》中规定：

　　‘除非提前开始’是指，如果装卸时间尚未起算，但装货或卸货作业已经进行，则所用去的时间应计入装卸时间。

　　这个短语通常都要求附加于装卸时间的起算或重新起算的条款上。因此，其作业是为了缩短递交准备就绪通知书后的任何‘通知期’的时间。

　　CHANGES TO THE BEGINNING OF LAYTIME

　　装卸时间起算的改变

　　3.358 As discussed in the previous sections, the usual requirements for the beginning of laytime are that the vessel must have arrived at the specified destination, she must be ready to load or discharge and, in certain cases, she must have given notice of her readiness. Once these conditions have been met and any period prescribed in the charter has elapsed, time begins to run.

　　3.358如在前面的章节中所讨论的，装卸时间起算的通常要求船舶必须抵达指定的目的地，必须做好装货或卸货的准备工作，而且在某些情况下，还要求她必须递交了准备就绪通知书。上述这些条件一经满足，待租船合同中规定的某一期限一过，时间即可起算。

　　3.359 However, these basic conditions may be varied by express or implied terms, which may have the effect of advancing or delaying the commencement of laytime. In this section a number of general points will first be considered and then the effect of certain well-known clauses.

　　3.359尽管如此，亦可通过明示或默示条文改变这些基本条件，以便将装卸时间的起算提前或延后。这一节，我们将首先讨论一些基本观点，然后是这些众所周知的条款的作用。

　　3.360 The clauses and phrases to be discussed are:

　　‘‘Whether in berth or not’’

　　‘‘Whether in port or not’’

　　‘‘Time lost in waiting for berth to count as laytime’’

　　‘‘Time lost in waiting for berth to count in full’’

　　‘‘Reachable on arrival’’

　　‘‘Always accessible’’

　　‘‘So near thereto as she may safely get’’

　　‘‘In regular turn’’/‘‘in usual turn’’

　　‘‘Demurrage in respect of waiting time’’

　　‘‘Time to commence on being reported at the Custom House’’

　　‘‘To be loaded as per colliery guarantee’’

　　3.360下面要讨论的条款和短语有：

　　‘无论是在泊位与否’

　　‘无论进港预与否’

　　‘等泊损失的时间计入装卸时间’

　　‘等泊损失的时间全部计入装卸时间’

　　‘抵达即可立即马上靠泊’

　　‘始终可以自由进入靠泊’

　　‘她所能安全抵达的就近地点’

　　‘按常规顺序装货’/‘按通常顺序装货’

　　‘等候时间的滞期费’

　　‘报关后即可起算时间’

　　‘按照煤矿场的保证装湖泊’
　　

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　　海运圈聚焦专栏作者 魏长庚船长（微信号CaptWei）