精彩海运视频，极具深度的专栏文章和海量的市场分析报告，以及指数、油价和气象信息

　　《装卸时间与滞期费》第6版

　　Laytime Clauses 装卸时间条款

　　Colliery working days

　　煤矿工作日

　　2.37 The term ‘‘colliery working day’’ and its associated phrase, the colliery guarantee, arose in coal charters in this country in the days prior to the nationalisation of the coalmines. Most of the reported cases arose in the last ten years of the nineteenth century, many from a general strike in the South Wales coalﬁeld in 1898.

　　2.37 ‘煤矿工作日’这一术语以及与之相关联的短语，煤矿场保证，是在英国煤矿国有化之前出现在该国涉及煤炭运输的租船合同中的。所报道的大多数的案例都是在19世纪的最后十年间发生的，而其中的很多案例是由于1898年在南威尔士煤矿的总罢工而引起的。

　　2.38 The usual practice was for a charterer to contract with a speciﬁc colliery on terms set out in a colliery guarantee for the colliery to supply coal to a named vessel. In Monsen v. Macfarlane, McCrindell & Co, Smith LJ said of the colliery guarantee:

　　It is a document which the charterer who takes coal from a colliery wherewith to load a ship is anxious to have incorporated into the charterparty so that as regards the time to be occupied in loading the ship he may be under no more obligation to the shipowner than the colliery is under obligation to him...

　　2.38 对于承租人来说，通常的做法是按照煤矿保证书中所列明的条款与某一具体的煤矿场签订合同，要求矿场向指定的船舶提供煤炭。在Monsen v. Macfarlane，McCrindell & Co—案中，Smith大法官曾就这种矿场保证书这样说：

　　这是一份从装船的煤矿场接受煤炭的承租人渴望将其并入租船合同的文件，这样，就装船所占用的时间而言，可使他对船东所承担的义务不致于高于该矿场对他所承担的义务……

　　2.39 The charterparty may, as in that case, be made earlier than the colliery guarantee but provide for its later incorporation. Most guarantees were given on fairly standard terms.

　　2.39正像在那个案件中一样，租船合同的签订可能会比煤矿保证书要早一些，但是却对它后来的并入作了规定。大多数担保书都是采用标准的条文进行表述的。

　　2.40 The colliery guarantee, and hence the charterparty, would provide for loading in a speciﬁed number of colliery working days. A colliery working day is a day which is an ordinary working day for the colliery in normal times and in normal circumstances. Sundays and holidays, including local ones such as Mabon’s day in South Wales, are excluded. Days on which the colliery would normally work, but does not because of a strike, are included.

　　2.40这种煤矿场的担保书，以及此后并入了这种保证的租船合同，对装货作业规定了限定的矿场工作日的天数。煤矿场工作日就是在正常的时间内和正常的情况下对于有关矿场来说，是属于正常的工作日的那种日子。星期日和节假日，包括诸如在南威尔士的第一星期（英国矿工的假日Mabon’s day)这样的当地节假日，均被排除在外。对于该矿场，那些本应该正常工作但是由于罢工而没有开工的日子，也应包括在内。
　　

　　Weather working days

　　良好天气工作日（晴天工作日）

　　2.41 A weather working day is a type of working day. It is a working day on which the weather allows the particular ship in question to load or discharge cargo of the type intended to be loaded or discharged, if she is then at a place or position where the parties intend her to so load or discharge. If she is not in such a position but is still awaiting her turn to berth, then it will count as a weather working day if the weather would allow that type of cargo to be worked at the berth where the parties intend the vessel to go. It is immaterial whether work is intended on the particular day.

　　2.41良好天气工作日是工作日的一种。如果所谈论的具体船舶当时已经处于当事双方计划要她去装货或者卸货的那个地点或位置，而当天的天气情况容许船舶装载或卸下所预计要装载或卸下的货物，那么这一天就是一个良好天气工作日。如果船舶并没有处于这种位置而是仍然在等待靠泊，而当时的天气容许在当事双方意图要该船靠泊的泊位上对约定的这类货物进行作业，则那一天也算作一个良好天气工作日。而在那个特定的日子里是否打算进行装卸作业则并不重要。

　　2.42 If there is or would have been a partial prevention of work due to weather then it is still a weather working day but part of the day must be excluded for the purpose of laytime calculations.

　　2.42如果由于天气的原因已经使或本来会使装卸作业部分地受到阻碍，那么一天也仍然是一个良好天气工作日，但是为了装卸时间的计算起见，必须相应地将这一天中的部分时间扣除。

　　2.43 It is possible for two ships to be at adjacent berths and for time to count as a weather working day in one case and not the other, depending on the type of cargo being worked.

　　2.43可能会出现这种情况，两条靠泊在相邻泊位上的船舶，在同一条件下，对于其中一条船舶来说算作良好天气工作日，而对于另一条船舶则不算，这就要取决于所装卸货物的种类。
　　

　　2.44 The Charterparty Laytime Deﬁnitions 1980 provide:

　　‘‘WEATHER WORKING DAY’’ means a working day or part of a working day during which it is or, if the vessel is still waiting for her turn, it would be possible to load/discharge the cargo without interference due to the weather. If such interference occurs (or would have occurred if work had been in progress), there shall be excluded from the laytime a period calculated by reference to the ratio which the duration of the interference bears to the time which would have or could have been worked but for the interference.

　　2.44 《1980年租船合同装卸时间定义》中规定：

　　‘良好天气工作日’是指不受天气的影响，船舶可以，或者如果该船舶仍在等泊，本可能够进行装/卸货物作业的工作日或部分工作日。如果这种影响发生（或者假如作业已经在进行之中，这种影响本应该会发生），那么根据这一影响持续的时间，与若无这一影响能够用于或本应该用于作业的时间比例计算出的那段时间，不应计入装卸时间。

　　2.45 In English law, unlike American law on this point, there need be no causal connection between the weather and the failure to load or discharge the particular vessel. The reference to weather is therefore descriptive, rather than exceptive.

　　2.45与美国在这一问题上的法律不同，依据英国法律，在天气和未能够装卸具体船舶之间不需要存在任何因果关系。因此，对于天气的引证与其说是除外性的，到不如说是描述说明性的。

　　《装卸时间与滞期费》购买链接（点击可购买）
　　